This review discusses cases of human lymphadenitis caused Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis in 2009. There are 31 human cases from Australia, New Zealand, Spain, France, United States, Belgium, Panama and China. Most of the affected patients are male adults occupationally exposed to sheep without underlying disease or predisposing conditions. Inflammation of the axillary, inguinal and cervical lymph nodes, myalgia and fever are the predominant clinical signs. The disease follows a chronic course. Pathological analysis of the abscesses reveals granulomatous necrotizing and suppurative lymphadenitis. Most patients receive antibiotic therapy, but surgical excision of the affected lymph glands is treatment of choice. The prevalence in humans occupationally exposed to sheep or their environment is underestimated. It is recommended that further studies on zoonotic properties of C. pseudotuberculosis should be performed.
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