Author(s) :
Mank, J. E.
;
Ellegren, H.
Author Affiliation :
Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK.
Author Email :
judith.mank@zoo.ox.ac.uk
Journal article
:
Heredity
2009
Vol.102
No.3
pp.312-320
ref.42
Abstract :
Recent reports have suggested that
birdsbirdsSubject Category: Organism Names
see more details lack a mechanism of wholesale
dosage compensationdosage compensationSubject Category: Miscellaneous
see more details for the Z sex chromosome. This discovery was rather unexpected, as all other
animalsanimalsSubject Category: Organism Names
see more details investigated with chromosomal mechanisms of
sex determinationsex determinationSubject Category: Miscellaneous
see more details have some method to counteract the effects of
gene dosagegene dosageSubject Category: Properties
see more details of the dominant sex chromosome in males and females. Despite the lack of a global mechanism of avian dosage compensation, the pattern of
gene expressiongene expressionSubject Category: Miscellaneous
see more details difference between males and females varies a great deal for individual Z-linked
genesgenesSubject Category: Miscellaneous
see more details. This suggests that some genes may be individually dosage compensated, and that some less-than-global pattern of dosage compensation, such as local or temporal, exists on the avian Z chromosome. We used global gene expression profiling in males and females for both somatic and gonadal tissue at several time points in the life cycle of the chicken to assess the pattern of sex-biased gene expression on the Z chromosome. Average fold-change between males and females varied somewhat among tissue time-point combinations, with embryonic brain samples having the smallest gene dosage effects, and adult gonadal tissue having the largest degree of male bias. Overall, there were no neighborhoods of overall dosage compensation along the Z. Taken together, this suggests that dosage compensation is regulated on the Z chromosome entirely on a gene-by-gene level, and can vary during the life cycle and by tissue type. This regulation may be an indication of how critical a given gene's functionality is, as the expression level for essential genes will be tightly regulated in order to avoid perturbing important pathways and networks with differential expression levels in males and females.
ISSN :
0018-067X
DOI :
10.1038/hdy.2008.116
Record Number :
20093080712
Publisher :
Nature Publishing Group
Location of publication :
Basingstoke
Country of publication :
UK
Language of text :
English
Indexing terms for this abstract:
Organism descriptor(s) :
birdsbirdsSubject Category: Organism Names
see more details, fowlsfowlsSubject Category: Organism Names
see more details
Descriptor(s) :
chick embryoschick embryosSubject Category: Anatomical and Morphological Structures
see more details, dosage compensationdosage compensationSubject Category: Miscellaneous
see more details, embryonic developmentembryonic developmentSubject Category: Natural Processes
see more details, gene dosagegene dosageSubject Category: Properties
see more details, gene expressiongene expressionSubject Category: Miscellaneous
see more details, genesgenesSubject Category: Miscellaneous
see more details, genetic regulationgenetic regulationSubject Category: Miscellaneous
see more details, poultrypoultrySubject Category: Organism Groups
see more details, sex chromosomessex chromosomesSubject Category: Anatomical and Morphological Structures
see more details, sex determinationsex determinationSubject Category: Miscellaneous
see more details, sex differencessex differencesSubject Category: Properties
see more details, sex linkagesex linkageSubject Category: Miscellaneous
see more details
Identifier(s) :
chickens, domesticated birds, embryo development, embryo growth
Broader term(s) :
Gallus gallusgallus gallusSubject Category: Organism Names
see more details, GallusgallusSubject Category: Organism Names
see more details, PhasianidaephasianidaeSubject Category: Organism Names
see more details, GalliformesgalliformesSubject Category: Organism Names
see more details, birdsbirdsSubject Category: Organism Names
see more details, vertebratesvertebratesSubject Category: Organism Names
see more details, ChordatachordataSubject Category: Organism Names
see more details, animalsanimalsSubject Category: Organism Names
see more details, eukaryoteseukaryotesSubject Category: Organism Names
see more details